Outside a Jonathon's Restaurant

２４時間営業、八王子旭町店
２４じかんえいぎょう、はちおうじあさひちょうてん
Open 24 hours. The 'Hachiouji-Asahi-chou Branch.

The bottom line is the building's address or name or something. It's hard to tell.

Edit: Tokyo Five to the rescue. Added the street address part.

Somewhere 11

精算機
せいさんき
Fare adjustment machine

If you don't know which station you are going to and therefore you don't know how much it will cost, the trick is to just buy the lowest fare ticket, and then get it adjusted at your destination. It's great when the subway map is all in kanji and you're not sure of the station.

In Roppongi Hills 3

取消、訂正、確認
とりけし、ていせい、かくにん
Cancel, edit, accept

That's my daughter's shoe in there. I promised her I'd leave it in. For the noobs, the other kanji are　千　（せん）　thousand, and　円　（えん）　Yen. These buttons are on a Postal ATM.

Somewhere 10

優先席
ゆうせんせき
Priority seating

This sign is meant to allow old, pregnant or injured people to get a seat on the train. However, there are some Japanese rules of etiquette which can circumvent this rule. The only way to be rude in Japan is if you know you are rude. If you bump into someone but keep walking, that's fine, you didn't realise you'd bumped into them. If you walk past a coworker on the street on a Saturday morning and not say hello, it's okay as long as you look as if you hadn't noticed them. And lastly, if you pretend to be in a deep sleep while sitting in the priority seats, there's no need to stand up no matter how old or pregnant the person who needs it looks.

Now if the needy person is a bit adventurous, they may say すみません or something, and force the salaryman or teenager to notice them. Then they will immediately jump out of the priority seat and apologise as if they'd only that moment realised someone needed the seat. Hardly anyone will ever move of their own accord.

Somewhere 9

合流
ごうりゅう
Convergence.(as in a combined sewer 「合流渠」)

I assume this was a sewer cover, I mean I didn't go down and check it out or anything.

In a Kyoto Park 4

前向き駐車、駐車中エンジン停止
まえむきちゅうしゃ、ちゅうしゃじゅうエンジンていし
Front facing car park, while in the car park, turn your engine off.

I suppose the quiet tranquillity of a Japanese garden is not compatible with people napping in their cars with their air conditioning, and hence the engine, on.

In Kyoto Station 4

緊急停止スイッチ（うら）
きんきゅうていしスイッチ（うら）
Urgent stop switch (at rear)

Sorry for the poor updating, my laptop's backlight is out and it's hard to replace a light bulb, apparently. Don't worry, I'm still taking pictures, just not translating them too much. I'll do you a deal, at least one new sign a day. Can't say fairer than that, guvnor.

Somewhere 8

エレベーター運転時間６：１０～終電
エレベーターうんてんじかん６：１０～しゅうでん
Elevator operating time, 6:10 to last train

The last trains are surprisingly early for such a busy city as Tokyo. Around midnight the subway shuts down and drunk salarymen usually decide to just lie down and go to sleep wherever they can.

Somewhere 7

改札階、　ホーム
かいさつかい、　ホーム
Ticket examining floor, platform

It's just a variation on ticket gate, but with less gate.

Somewhere 6

関係者以外立ち入り禁止
かんけいしゃいがいたちいりきんし
Authorised people only, do not enter

In Kyoto 2

市バス
しバス
City bus

In a Kyoto Park 3

のんだあとはリサイクル
After you drink, recycle (the bottle/ can)

Most vending machines have recycle bins next to them. Good luck finding a normal bin for your regular rubbish, though.